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RF & Microwave

For most of your RF & Microwave measurement needs, you can find application & solution information here.

Be sure to check the library of application notes for detailed information on using your equipment and successfully completing the measurements you need.

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10 Hints for Getting the Most from your Frequency Counter 
Maximize the results you get from your frequency counter through 10 hints from better from understanding the architecture to making faster measurements.

Notes d’application 2008-04-18

4 Hints for Making Better Microwave Counter Measurements 
This Product Note provides four pertinent hints for making better microwave counter measurements, describes the advantages of using a microwave counter, and deals with the unique measurement problems created by the advancement in counter technology.

Notes d’application 1998-09-01

4 Steps for Making Better Power Measurements (AN 64-4D) 
Before selecting a power meter and associated sensors, make sure that you have taken the 4 steps detailed in this note, which influence the accuracy, economy and technical match to your application.

Notes d’application 2006-04-26

5370B Universal Time Interval Counter (AN 191-7) 
This Application Note is for information only. Agilent no longer sells or supports these products.

Notes d’application 1987-06-01

PDF PDF 8.34 MB
8 Hints for Making Better RF Counter Measurements 
This Brochure focuses on making better RF counter measurements by understanding the effects of counter architecture; recognizing the difference between resolution and accuracy, and scheduling calibration to match performance needs. In addition, the impact of timebase options is discussed along...

Notes d’application 2001-04-10

Analyzing Phase-Locked Loop Capture and Tracking Range (AN 358-13) 
This Application Note is for information only. Agilent no longer sells or supports these products.

Notes d’application 1990-10-01

PDF PDF 667 KB
Analyzing Phase-Locked Loop Transients in the Modulation Domain (AN 358-7) 
This Application Note is for information only. Agilent no longer sells or supports these products.

Notes d’application 1989-10-01

PDF PDF 658 KB
Examine GMSK Modulation in GSM and PCN Mobile Communications Systems (AN 1200-11) 
Current analog mobile communications systems have reached capacity limits in several large population centers. Future systems will utilize Time Division Multiple Access techniques to increase capacity. These new digital modulation techniques are difficult to characterize using conventional test...

Notes d’application 2000-09-01

Fast Characterization of Pulse-Width Encoded Data (AN 1200-5) 
The built in fast histogram capability of the Agilent 53310A is a simple and easy way to analyze pulse width encoded data. In less than a second, it takes a hundred thousand pulse width measurements, rearranges the measurements in value order, then displays how often a given value occurred.

Notes d’application 2000-08-01

Fundamentals of Microwave Frequency Counters (AN 200-1) 
This somewhat lengthy, classic Application Note addresses the microwave counter designer's need for down-conversion techniques. It describes and compares techniques and outlines additional considerations in choosing a microwave counter. Includes some applications of the Agilent 5342A.

Notes d’application 1997-05-01

PDF PDF 219 KB
Fundamentals of the Electronic Counters (AN 200) 
This classic Application Note is aimed at introducing to the reader the basic concepts, techniques and the underlying principles that constitute the common denominator of this myriad of counter products. It discusses the fundamentals of the conventional counter, the types of measurements it can...

Notes d’application 1997-03-01

Fundamentals of Time Interval Measurements (AN 200-3) 
This classic Application Note provides a fundamental background on measurements of time-related events with electronic time interval counters. This Application Note is for information only. Agilent no longer sells or supports these products.

Notes d’application 1997-06-01

Peak Deviation and Center Frequency Measurements for CT2 and DECT Radios (AN 1200-12) 
The use of digital modulation in mobile communications systems is growing rapidly. Information in the form of 1s and 0s is often transmitted as two different frequencies. This is known as minimum shift keying or GMSK if the data is filtered. Measuring the deviation accurately on a bursted signal...

Notes d’application 2000-08-01

Simplified Analysis of Phase-Locked Loop Capture and Tracking Range (AN 1200-7) 
The Agilent 53310A's ability to measure and display a signal's continuous frequency over time makes dynamic frequency analysis of PLLs easy. A direct measure of the PLL's capture and tracking range is obtained by monitoring the output frequency while the PLL is forced to go in and out of lock. A...

Notes d’application 2000-08-01

Spectrum Analysis: Amplitude and Frequency Modulation (AN 150-1) 
Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or base-band signal (voice, music, data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the simultaneous transmission of two or more baseband signals by translating them to different frequencies...

Notes d’application 2001-10-01

PDF PDF 1.23 MB
Timekeeping and Frequency Calibration (AN 52-2) 
This Application Note is for information only. Agilent no longer sells or supports these products.

Notes d’application 1976-07-01

PDF PDF 11.94 MB
Understanding Frequency Counter Specifications (AN 200-4) 
This classic Application Note was aimed at the reader who might be unsure of particular specifications in frequency counter data sheets. It is still considered like a textbook and is always in demand.

Notes d’application 1997-05-01

VCO Step Response Analysis Made Easy (AN 1200-3) 
The Agilent 53310A allows for an easy-to-use single pass technique for displaying the VCO's output frequency versus time. It makes rapid, high resolution frequency measurements in a back-to-back manner. This yields a full analysis of a VCO's step response in a single pass. For applications that...

Notes d’application 2000-08-01